fistula in ano

fistula-in-ano

A fistula-in-ano is an epithelial-lined tract connecting the anal canal to the perianal skin. Anal fistulas can have many causes but are most commonly the result of a previous or current anorectal abscess due to frequent infection of perianal glands. This occurs in up to 40% of patients with abscesses. Patients with fistulas commonly have a history of a previously drained anal abscess

Classification

Fistulas are classified by their relationship to parts of the anal sphincter complex (the muscles that allow us to control our stool). They are classified as intersphincteric, transsphincteric, suprasphincteric and extrasphincteric. The intersphincteric is the most common and the extrasphincteric is the least common. These classifications are important in helping the surgeon make treatment decisions

SYMPTOMS

Anorectal pain, swelling, perianal cellulitis (redness of the skin), drainage from the perianal skin, irritation of the perianal skin and fever are the most common symptoms of fistula. Occasionally, rectal bleeding or urinary symptoms, such as trouble initiating a urinary stream or painful urination, may be present.

Treatment

Treatment of fistulas depends upon many factors. First of all your surgeon should examine and investigate thoroughly to know 1) tract direction 2) any active infection of fistulous tract 3) any branches 4) classification of fistula.

Various surgical modalities are :

Fistulotomy. The most common type of surgery for anal fistulas is a fistulotomy. …
LIFT procedure. …
VAAFT ..Endoscopic ablation. …
Laser surgery. …
Fibrin glue. …
Bioprosthetic plug.
SETON